Pacheco Post #11 Geronima Pacheco

Geronima Pacheco married Nicolas Martin on February 2, 1728. (1) 

 (1) Compiled by Margaret Leonard Windham and Evelyn Lujan Baca, New Mexico Marriages Church in San Juan Pueblo 1726-1776, 1831-1855 and Church in Santa Clara Pueblo 1726-1832 (New Mexico Genealogical Society), Pg. 1. Geronima Pacheco with Nicolas Martin. pad/ Diego Torres and his wife. 

 She appeared in the 1750 census for Chama and Santa Cruz. The first is Geronima Pacheco, widow, 6 in the family. The second one was Geronima Pacheco, 4 children, 2 female servants. (2) Basically these match. 

 (2) Virginia Langham Olmsted, Spanish, and Mexican Census 1750-1830 (NMGS. Albuquerque, NM. 1981), Pg. 28, 30. 

 Other: 

 Land at Ojo Caliente. March 21, 1768. Ignacio Alarid and Gabriel Quintana, grand of land. One boundary was the lands held by the former owner, Geronima Pacheco, a widow. It also names her son Jose Martin. House and corrals. 

 SANM I, Twitchell #43. 

 _____ 

 Ojo Caliente, with Paulin Abeyta and Geronima Pacheco, they both are said to be heirs of Blas Martin.

 

 SANM I, Twitchell #108. 

 _____ 

 A granddaughter named after her, Geronima Martin, the daughter of Jose Martin and Petrona Gonzales. Abiquiu 3 Oct 1781.

Summary:  Geronima Pacheco is likely the daughter of Felipe Pacheco and Angela Leyba.  Juan Jose Pacheco, a possible brother, married Ynes Martin. Ygnacio Pacheco, another possible brother, married Margarita Martin.   All three married into the same family, from the same locations.  

Geronima is mentioned more with the Martin family than any Pacheco siblings or other members of that family. In my own research, I have eight known children for this couple.  

Nicolas Martin was deceased by the 1750 census, meaning all their kids would have been born before then.  Some were married, others living with her. 

Geronima passed on February 14, 1781. (3)

(3) "Catholic Church. San Juan de los Caballeros (San Juan, New Mexico). Deaths 1726-1857," Geronima Pacheco (1781); FHL microfilm 16,982, item 217; 15 Feb 1781, died the previous day.

Pacheco Post #10 Cayetano Pacheco, et al

 While living in Bosque, New Mexico, Cayetano appears to have most of his children living within the area.  There is not enough information to link some of these families - yet using locality, ages, names we can make it fit.  DNA is what we need. 

Courtesy H. M. Christmas near Estaca, NM

1.  Cayetano Pacheco, son of Sergeant Felipe Pacheco and Rosa Martin, was born about February 1732 in Rio Arriba, New Mexico1 and was baptized on 18 February 1732.[2] 

General Notes: Lived in Bosque

____

•  He appeared on the census in 1816 in Bosque, New Mexico.[3] Cayetano Pacheco, 64; Ygnacia Sandoval, 57; children: Jose Concepcion, 23; Bicenta Montolla, 14.

Cayetano married Maria Luisa Mestas. Maria was born in New Mexico and died on 18 September 1789 in San Juan de Los Caballeros, New Mexico. [4]

Children from this marriage were:

  2  i. Juan Jose Pacheco was born circa 1763. Juan married Mariana Lopez, daughter of Silvestre Lopez and Barbara Tafoya,  on 30 October 1794 in Santa Cruz de la Cañada, New Mexico.[5] 

  3  ii. Felipe Santiago Pacheco was born on 27 April 1774 in Chama, New Mexico and was baptized on 1 May 1774 in Santa Clara, New Mexico. [6] 

•  He appeared on the census in 1816 in Bosque, New Mexico.[7] Phelipe Pacheco, 40; Maria Gertrudis Cordova, 35; children: Gabriela, 14; Ysidro, 12; Maria Manuela, 9; Maria Soledad, 7; Juan 5; Josefa, 2; Josef Mariano, 1. 

Felipe married Maria Gertrudes Cordova circa 1800. Maria was born circa 1781.

  4  iii. Antonio Jose Pacheco was born on 19 September 1776 in San Juan de Los Caballeros, New Mexico [8] and was baptized on 21 September 1776. 

  5 iv. Maria Agustina Pacheco was born on 28 August 1777 in San Juan de Los Caballeros, New Mexico and was baptized on 1 September 1777. [9] 

  6  v. Juan Bautista Rafael Pacheco was born on 23 July 1780 in San Juan de Los Caballeros, New Mexico and was baptized on 24 July 1780. [10] 

  7 vi. Juan Antonio Pacheco was born circa 1782. 

•  He appeared on the census in 1816 in Bosque, New Mexico. [3] Juan Antonio Pacheco, 34; Maria Encarnacion Bernal, 26; Juana Micaela, 6; Jose Miguel, 3; Jose Maria, 1. 

Juan married Maria Encarnacion Bernal. Maria was born circa 1790. 

  8 vii. Juana Rafaela Pacheco was born on 20 October 1782 in San Juan de Los Caballeros, New Mexico and was baptized on 23 October 1782. [11] 

  9  viii. Jose Rafael Pacheco was born on 24 October 1786 in San Juan de Los Caballeros, New Mexico and was baptized on 25 October 1786. [12] 

•  He appeared on the census in 1816 in Bosque, New Mexico. [7]
 Jose Rafael Pacheco, 31; Reyes Cordova, 23; Jose Guadalupe 2. 

Jose married Maria de los Reyes Cordova. Maria was born circa 1793.

***

Cayetano next married Maria Ygnacia Sandoval on 5 May 1790 in Santa Cruz de la Cañada, New Mexico.13 Maria was born circa 1758 in New Mexico. 

Children from this marriage were:

  10 i. Juan Pacheco was born on 21 May 1792 in Bosque, New Mexico and was baptized on 27 May 1792. [14] 

  11 ii. Jose Concepcion de Los Dolores Pacheco was born on 8 December 1793 in Bosque, New Mexico and was baptized on 14 December 1793. [9]  

 

Sources:

1.  AASF, LDS Film # 9, 10, 16976, San Juan de Los Caballeros Church Baptisms, Frame 510, entry 3.  Bap Feb 18 1732, gp/ Antonio Salazar and Maria Torres. 

2.  New Mexico Genealogical Society Members, New Mexico Baptisms, San Juan de los Caballeros, NM 1726-1799 (NMGS 2016), Pg. 10. 

3.  Virginia Langham Olmsted, Spanish and Mexican Census 1750-1830 (NMGS. Albuquerque, NM. 1981), Pg. 157.

4.  Archdiocese of Santa Fe, NM - San Juan, NM Burials, San Juan de los Caballeros Death Records (AASF Reel #37), 887:8.  Maria Luisa Mestas wife of Cayetano Pacheco, she died 'anterior' received all the sacraments.

5.  Fray Chavez, New Mexico Roots, Ltd.: A Demographic Perspective from Genealogical, Historical and Geographic Data Found in the Diligencias Matrimoniales, Pg. 1429.  

6.  NMGS Members, New Mexico Baptisms, Santa Clara, NM 1726-1805 (NMGS 2016), Pg. 84.

7.  Virginia Langham Olmsted, Spanish and Mexican Census 1750-1830 (NMGS. Albuquerque, NM. 1981), Pg. 157 Bosque.

8.  New Mexico Genealogical Society Members, New Mexico Baptisms, San Juan de los Caballeros, NM 1726-1799 (NMGS 2016), Pg. 129.

9.  Ibid. Pg. 132.

10.  Ibid. Pg. 147.

11.  Ibid. Pg. 161.

12.  Ibid.  (NMGS 2016), Pg. 186.

13.  Family History Library, Salt Lake City, Utah, Santa Cruz de la Cañada Marriages (Film # 16972, 16969, Santa Cruz, New Mexico), No Pg. #, entry 2.  Cayetano Pacheco, wid/ Maria Luisa Mestas from San Juan with Maria Ygnacia Sandoval wid/ Julian Hernandez from Quemado.

14.  New Mexico Genealogical Society Members, New Mexico Baptisms, San Juan de los Caballeros, NM 1726-1799 (NMGS 2016), Pg. 227.

Pacheco Post #9 At Soledad, Sebastian Martin to Pacheco's

At Nuestra Señora de la Soledad (los Luceros), on February 9, 1763, Sebastian Martin, who owns the land, sell to the heirs of Juan Pacheco a piece of land, with a house, corral and south of the chapel.  He sold this for the sum of $28 pesos. 

Signed: Carlos Fernandez, Juan Domingo Lobato, Pablo Francisco Villapando

Unfortunately, this document doesn't list the heirs. 

Source:

Spanish Archives of New Mexico, Series I, Twitchell 690

Pacheco Post # 8 Antonio Pacheco 1725 buys land in Santa Cruz

Antonio Bernal from Santa Cruz, sold land to Antonio Pacheco, from Santa Fe.  Bernal had received the lands from his mother-in-law, Maria Reyes Jiron. Sold for the price of $30 pesos. 

The boundaries are north, a large arroyo to the south and lands of Isabel Linares, east are the lands of Diego Antonio Romero and to the west more of the Linares lands. 

Dated 16 October 1725. 

It is unclear which of the many Antonio Pacheco's this could be in the document. 

Source:

Spanish Archives of New Mexico, Series I, Twitchell 683

Pacheco Post #7 Jose Pacheco, soldier

Jose Pacheco against Juan de Alari. January 1771 in Santa Fe. 

Jose Pacheco, a soldier in Santa Fe and declares that Juana Roybal, now deceased, had left in her will, to my children her heirs some lands and a house. Moreno had married Juana Roybal, who had fenced the lands. 

A few months ago, Juan de Alari came along and removed said fence and moved the boundary, giving himself more land.  I request that Alari show his deeds, showing the boundaries. 

The alcalde stated - that the lands of Jose Pacheco and Manuela Roybal under the testament of Juana Roybal be withheld.  Juana Roybal raised Manuela, her niece. 

Sources:

Spanish Archives of New Mexico, Series I, Twitchell 696

Pacheco Post #6

In November 1708, Roque Madrid considers what Silvestre Pacheco requests.  Geronimo Pacheco, and my father, Francisco de Madrid during the Pueblo Revolt lost lands that joined. Madrid inherited these lands from Juan Ruiz de Caceres.  

Geronimo Pacheco then gave to his daughter, Maria Pacheco (Juan Gamboa), the part of land where I live as I had married Juana Arvide, the daughter of said Maria Pacheco and granddaughter of Geronimo Pacheco; the grandfather of Silvestre Pacheco. 

Sources:  Spanish Archives of New Mexico, Series I, Twitchell 486. 

Pacheco Post #5 Silvestre Pacheco, Roque Madrid, Antonio Montoya

In December 1708, Silbestre Pacheco sold a piece of land to Antonio Montoya for the price of 150 pesos.  The lands are a mile down the river towards Pueblo Quemado. It includes a house with some farm lands. 

Silvestre Pacheco was a soldier at the Presidio of Janos when he married in 1690 to Luisa Martin Serrano. [1]

In November 1708, Roque Madrid, that he allowed Juan Pacheco and his daughter Josepha the former wife of Juan de Tafoya to have it annexed to his lands next to his property.  Since both Pachecos have died, the lands have passed to Nicolas Ortiz, husband of Juana Baca and from them to Silvestre Pacheco, his uncle.  Pacheco is about to leave the area (likely to Janos). [2]

Juana Baca's parents are Jose Baca and Josefa Perez Pacheco.  Josefa, the sister of Silvestre Pacheco.  

Sources:

[1] Spanish Archives of New Mexico, Series I, Twitchell 487.

[2] Spanish Archives of New Mexico, Series I, Twitchell 485. 

Pacheco Post #4 Ygnacio Pacheco and Margarita Martin

In the Santa Cruz Baptisms, published by NMGS, there is an entry that shows a Gonzales and a Margarita Martin as his grandmother on page 247.  

Secondly, in the 1790 Santa Cruz census, pg. 93 - six households down from Margarita Martin is a Phelipe Santiago Gonzalez, the possible co-godparent. 

Studying all the possible Gonzales/Pacheco baptisms and marriages for the Santa Cruz area, one family of Miguel Gonzalez and Maria Candelaria Pacheco, [1] have a son Phelipe Santiago. [2]  

Maria Candelaria Pacheco would then be the daughter of Ygnacio Pacheco and Margarita Martin. [3]

The marriage for Miguel Gonzalez and Maria Candelaria Pacheco does not name the parents.  This one tiny baptismal clue, along with the census, help to further identify this lineage. 

Sources: 

[1] Henrietta Martinez Christmas and Patricia Sanchez Rau, Santa Cruz de la Cañada Marriages, 100 Years of Marriages 1726-1826 (NMGS 2002), Pg. 31.  

[2] Virginia Langham Olmsted, transcriber, New Mexico Baptisms Santa Cruz de la Cañada Church Vol I, 1710 to 1794 (Albuquerque: New Mexico Genealogical Society, 1994), Pg. 17.  

[3] Henrietta Martinez Christmas and Patricia Sanchez Rau, Santa Cruz de la Cañada Marriages, 100 Years of Marriages 1726-1826 (NMGS 2002), Pg. 8. 

Pacheco Post #3 Juan Jose Pacheco Land Grant

The Land Grant known as  Juan Jose Pacheco (PLC 18), given to Jose Pacheco and Salvador Pacheco in early Santa Fe, was contested by Matias Dominguez, whose wife is an heir. 

Based on the testimony of Dominguez, his wife, Juana Rivera, was the daughter of Manuel Rivera y Pacheco.  Using the Santa Fe Baptism books published by NMGS, a Juana Guadalupe was born to Manuel Rivera and Concepcion Marioni in 1842. [1]

This baptism included the grandparents as Viterbo Rivera and Luz Pacheco (she's the descendant). [2]

Luz Pacheco is the daughter of Felipe Pacheco and Manuela Roybal. [3]

Felipe Pacheco is the son of Felipe Pacheco and Rosa Martin.[4] 

Felipe Pacheco is the son of Jose Pacheco and Antonia Arratia.

*Continue looking for the marriage record of Matias Dominguez and Juana Rivera. 

Sources:

[1] Margaret Leonard Windham and Evelyn Lujan Baca, Compilers, New Mexico Marriages, Santa Fe - St. Francis Parish and Military Chapel of Our Lady of Light, 1728-1857 (NMGS, Albuquerque, NM. 1997), Pg. 184.  Juan Manuel Rivera, s/ Bitervo Ribera and Maria de la Luz Pacheco, with Concepcion Marioni d/ Manuel Marioni and Guadalupe Cano of this city.

[2] Margaret Leonard Windham and Evelyn Lujan Baca, Compilers, New Mexico Marriages, Santa Fe - St. Francis Parish and Military Chapel of Our Lady of Light, 1728-1857 (NMGS, Albuquerque, NM. 1997), Pg. 51.  Josephe Bitervo Rivera, with Maria de la Luz Pacheco, both of this villa, gp/ Matias Rivera and his sister, Josepha Rivera.  

[3] Transcribed and Edited by David Gonzales, Pueblo y Misión de San Yldefonso 1709-1880 (SHHAR, Self-published), Pg. 2.

[4] Fray Chavez, New Mexico Roots, Ltd.: A Demographic Perspective from Genealogical, Historical and Geographic Data Found in the Diligencias Matrimoniales, Pg. 1427.  Sargento Felipe Pacheco, 35, Santa Fe soldier, widowed of Antonia Leyba, dead 2-3 years and buried in Santa Fe, s/ Juan Pacheco and Antonia de Arriatia, settlers of Santa Fe, and both deceased, with Rosa Martin from Santa Cruz, d/ Capt. Sebastian Martin and Maria Lujan; wit/ Sebastian de Vargas and Maria Leyva.  

Pacheco Post #2 Rosa Martin & Pacheco Children 1750

 In the 1750 Soledad, New Mexico Census, Rosa Martin is enumerated as:

Rosa Martin- widow; Marcos Pacheco; Joseph; Francisca; Diego; Calletano; Margarita; servants:  Juana, Getrudis, Francisco, Juana, Salvador.[1]

• Yes, she is a widow as her husband, Felipe Pacheco, died in 1739. 
• Marcos Pacheco may or may not exist.  There is a Marcos Pacheco from Rio Arriba who married a Getrudis Valdez in 1769.  We have found no baptism for him. The marriage record does not identify parents.  Another Marcos Pacheco in Santa Fe has a wife who died in October 1748; perhaps that is why he is living with his mother.  Or it could be a different Marcos. 
• Joseph is too vague to identify him. 
• Francisca Pacheco married Jose Antonio Martin.
• Diego Pacheco was born December 1730 and have not found a wife that I can link him to. 
• Calletano Pacheco married Lucia Mestas and then Maria Ygnacia Sandoval in 1790.  
• Margarita Pacheco is yet unidentified whether she married. 

I have twelve children for Rosa Martin and Felipe Pacheco.  Except for this 1750 census, I have found no wills or land transactions that further tie the Pacheco's with additional children. 

Rosa Martin dies in 1786 and neither her burial nor Felipe's state how many children they lived when they die. 

[1] Olmsted, Virginia Langham, Spanish and Mexican Census 1750-1830 (NMGS), Pg. 33.  

Pacheco Post #1

  

I've been researching this family for a few days and although they likely descend from the trunk line, I haven't been able to make that link. They live in San Juan and then move to Santa Cruz where he dies and she remains.  Some of their children move to Chimayo.  Working on a timeline next.  

1.  Ygnacio Pacheco was born circa 1719 and died on 19 December 1757 in Santa Cruz de La Cañada, New Mexico¹ about age 38.          

      •  He appeared on the census in 1750 in Santa Cruz de La Cañada, New Mexico.² 
            Ygnacio Pacheco; his wife, 5 children.  

Ygnacio married Maria Margarita Martin on 30 May 1739 in Santa Cruz de La Cañada, New Mexico.³ Maria was born circa 1740. 

 •  She appeared on the census in 1790 in Santa Cruz, New Mexico.⁴ Maria Margarita Martin, M, 50, widow.  

Children from this marriage were: 

          2           i.      Juan Felipe Pacheco was born circa April 1745 in Santa Cruz de La Cañada, New Mexico, and baptized on 1 May 1745.⁵  

          3          ii.      Francisco Antonio Pacheco was born about October 1747 in Santa Cruz de La Cañada, New Mexico, and baptized on 22 October 1747.⁶  

Noted events in his life were: 

•  He appeared on the census in 1790 in Santa Cruz de La Cañada, New Mexico.⁷ Francisco Pacheco, S, 34, farmer; Maria Luisa Vegil, S, 30; one son age 4; one daughter age 2. 

Francisco married Maria Luisa Vigil, daughter of Manuel Vigil and Getrudis Guerrero,  on 24 May 1786 in Santa Cruz de la Cañada, New Mexico.⁸ Maria was born circa 1768. 

          4        iii.      Jose Miguel Pacheco was born circa April 1750 in Santa Cruz de La Cañada, New Mexico and baptized on 6 April 1750.⁹  

Jose married Maria Antonia Montoya on 24 February 1779 in Santa Cruz de La Cañada, New Mexico.¹⁰  

          5         iv.      Ysabel Maria Pacheco was born circa April 1753 in Santa Cruz de La Cañada, New Mexico, and baptized on 30 April 1753.¹¹  

          6          v.      Margarita Pacheco was born circa September 1755 in Santa Cruz de La Cañada, New Mexico and baptized on 26 September 1755.¹²  

          7         vi.      Maria Ygnacia Pacheco was born circa July 1758 in Santa Cruz de La Cañada, New Mexico and baptized on 22 July 1758.¹³  

          8        vii.      Maria Ygnacia Pacheco was born about 1760 in New Mexico.¹⁴  

Maria married Jose Cornelio Roybal, son of Mateo Roybal and Gregoria Baca,  about 22 April 1775 in Santa Cruz de La Cañada, New Mexico.¹⁵ Jose was born in New Mexico.

 

 Citations: 

     1.  Henrietta Martinez Christmas, La Mision de la Villa de Santa Cruz de la Cañada, New Mexico Burials 1726-1799  (Bernalillo, NM: Self, 2020),  Pg. 59.

     2.  Olmsted, Virginia Langham, Spanish and Mexican Census 1750-1830 (NMGS), Pg. 27.

     3.  Christmas, Henrietta Martinez and Patricia Sanchez Rau, Santa Cruz de la Cañada Marriages, 100 Years of Marriages 1726-1826 (NMGS 2002), Pg. 8.

     4.  Olmsted, Virginia L, New Mexico Colonial Censuses 1790, 1823, 1845 (New Mexico Genealogical Society), Pg. 93, HH 236.

     5.  Virginia Langham Olmsted, transcriber, New Mexico Baptisms Santa Cruz de la Cañada Church Vol I, 1710 to 1794 (Albuquerque: New Mexico Genealogical Society, 1994), Pg. 49.

     6.  Virginia Langham Olmsted, transcriber, New Mexico Baptisms Santa Cruz de la Cañada Church Vol I, 1710 to 1794 (Albuquerque: New Mexico Genealogical Society, 1994), Pg. 57.

     7.  Olmsted, Virginia L, New Mexico Colonial Censuses 1790, 1823, 1845 (New Mexico Genealogical Society), Pg. 93, HH 237.

     8.  Christmas, Henrietta Martinez and Patricia Sanchez Rau, Santa Cruz de la Cañada Marriages, 100 Years of Marriages 1726-1826 (NMGS 2002), Pg. 56.  Francisco Pacheco s/ Ygnacio Pacheco and Maria Margarita Martin, with Maria Luisa Vigil, widowed of Joaquin Trujillo.

     9.  Virginia Langham Olmsted, transcriber, New Mexico Baptisms Santa Cruz de la Cañada Church Vol I, 1710 to 1794 (Albuquerque: New Mexico Genealogical Society, 1994), Pg. 67.

     10.  Christmas, Henrietta Martinez and Patricia Sanchez Rau, Santa Cruz de la Cañada Marriages, 100 Years of Marriages 1726-1826 (NMGS 2002), Pg. 38.

     11.  Virginia Langham Olmsted, transcriber, New Mexico Baptisms Santa Cruz de la Cañada Church Vol I, 1710 to 1794 (Albuquerque: New Mexico Genealogical Society, 1994), Pg. 79.

     12.  Virginia Langham Olmsted, transcriber, New Mexico Baptisms Santa Cruz de la Cañada Church Vol I, 1710 to 1794 (Albuquerque: New Mexico Genealogical Society, 1994), Pg. 89.

     13.  Virginia Langham Olmsted, transcriber, New Mexico Baptisms Santa Cruz de la Cañada Church Vol I, 1710 to 1794 (Albuquerque: New Mexico Genealogical Society, 1994), Pg. 102.

     14.  Hispanic Genealogical Research Center of New Mexico, "Herencia" (HGRC, Albuquerque, NM), 6:3, Pg. 6.

     15.  Fray Chavez, New Mexico Roots, Ltd.: A Demographic Perspective from Genealogical, Historical and Geographic Data Found in the Diligencias Matrimoniales, Pg. 1629.  Cornelio Roybal, s/ don Mateo Roybal and Gregoria Baca, with Maria Ignasia Pacheco, 15, española of Chimayo, d/ Ignacio Pacheco, deceased and Maria Martin, wit/ Joaquin Garcia de Noriega and Manuel Pacheco.

     16.  Fray Chavez, New Mexico Roots, Ltd.: A Demographic Perspective from Genealogical, Historical and Geographic Data Found in the Diligencias Matrimoniales, Pg. 1629.  Cornelio Roybal, of Jacona, s/ don Mateo Roybal and Gregoria Baca, with Maria Ygnacia Pacheco, 15; española of Chimayo, d/ Ignacio Pacheco, deceased and Maria Martin, wit/ Joaquin Garcia de Noriega, notary; Manuel Pacheco 33.

Nestor Armijo in the Wagon Tracks Journal

 Written by Susna Calafate Boyle in the May 2020 Wagon Tracks.  

A superb article on the life and times of Nestor Armijo.  His association with the Santa Fe Trail, his family and acquaintances.  Born in Los Padillas in 1831, he would attend school in St. Louis. His trading took him to California, driving sheep to the gold mines; where he made quite a bit of profit. 

Nestor Armijo married Josefa Yrisarri - a beauty as shown in her photograph.  They associated with other Santa Fe Trail freighters and traders - names like Perea, Otero and Chavez come to mind.  In 1868 they were living in Chihuahua City, Mexico, where they remained for a time. 

The couple would later move to Las Cruces, where he owned a store and often sold items to the US Army.  They transferred many goods from coast to coast, and often he was leading the wagons.  Calafate Boyle writes about Nestor Armijo as a second generation Santa Fe Trail merchant.  Meaning his father, Cristobal Armijo (Juana M. Chavez) was already doing business on the SFT when Nestor was a young man. 

The one outstanding takeaway for me is that he had his son educated in Pennsylvania and then Germany.  His grandchildren would attend schools in California and Denver.  He was a product of education beyond the borders of New Mexico as many in his extended family, and so would his own child and grandchildren.  He was a vigorous supporter of an educated mind. 

Nestor Armijo passed away in 1911.  His wife Josefa having died in 1905.